Rare Photos of Ganymede up close, the Largest Satellite in the Solar System!

 

Recently, the United States space agency's (NASA) space agency , Juno, had a close and recent sighting of Ganymede, one of the four moons orbiting Jupiter.

Ganymede is a natural satellite as well as the largest in our Solar System. At least the Juno plane took the picture from about 1,000 kilometers from Ganymede.

This distance is the closest a spacecraft has ever reached in more than 20 years.

It should be noted that the Juno spacecraft has a mission to study Jupiter, which happens to be passing by and then photograph the sighting of Ganymede from close range.

The photo captured by Juno shows the surface of Ganymede which has many cracks and craters. The photos look detailed because they were taken very close.

The photos captured by Juno will be compared with those taken by the Galileo (1995-2003) and Voyager (2003), two spacecraft that also belong to NASA.

Launching from the BBC , the photos will be compared to see if there are changes over time.

"(Juno) is closest to this giant moon than any other spacecraft in a generation," said Juno Principal Researcher Scott Bolton of the Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, United States.

"We need some time before we can draw any scientific conclusions. But in the meantime, we can admire this magical celestial body," he added.

One of the attractions that make many scientists study Ganymede, as well as Callisto and Europa, is the potential for water under the ice surface.

NASA said that they will soon publish color images of Juno's journey just after crossing Ganymede.

But the European Space Agency will send a special mission which is also very soon. The Jupiter ICy moon Explorer , abbreviated as Juice, will fly past Jupiter's two satellites, Callisto and Europa.

Both are expected to place themselves in a fixed orbit near Ganymede, which is calculated to arrive in 2032.

Please note, Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System . Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun.

This planet has a very strong magnetic field and has quite a lot of natural satellites or moons. At least, Planet Jupiter is recorded to have 79 moons orbiting around this planet.

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New Research: Humans Can Reproduce on Mars | Capital to Move Planet

 

Efforts to find a new planet other than Earth as a new location for human life are still being carried out.

Mars is one of the planets that is predicted to be the most suitable to replace Earth if humans have to move to another planet.

Recently, researchers discovered a new fact that is quite interesting to discuss.

According to researchers, humans have a high chance of living on Mars because sperm can survive there for up to 200 years.

This new fact opens up new hope for many people. At least, efforts to create new colonies in space are starting to show a bright spot.

Even so, there are still a number of questions that still need to be answered by researchers. Take, for example, the question of how people can have sex on Mars in microgravity.

Previously, experts thought that radiation in space would damage human DNA, making it impossible for reproduction to occur.

This assumption immediately changed when the researchers tried to store mouse sperm on the International Space Station (ISS) for six years. As a result, the sperm was found to be healthy.

Sperm from 66 mice were put into more than 30 glass tubes in 2012. The scientists then selected the best sperm that could produce offspring.

Three sperm were then launched to the ISS on August 4, 2013. While the other three sperm were stored in Tsukuba, Japan, under almost the same conditions.

The hope is that the sperm can be tested for exposure to malignant radiation from outer space.

The first box was returned to Earth on May 18, 2014 to see if this test worked well or not.

After the samples were examined and compared, the researchers decided to continue with the experimental program.

Then, the second box was returned on May 11, 2016, exactly two years and nine months after it was launched from the first day.

While the third box, returned on June 3, 2019 or five years and 10 months later. This is the longest space experiment in the history of biological research.

According to the Daily Mail , Professor Sayaka Wakama said the experiment yielded genetically normal results.

He hopes that this discovery will become an important asset for mankind.

"When the time comes to migrate to other planets, we need to maintain diversity, not only for humans, but also for pets," he said.

The research itself comes three days after a NASA helicopter named Ingenuity made its seventh successful flight on Mars.

The helicopter successfully landed at an airfield previously only visible to the Mars orbiter.

The trip took place on June 6, about two weeks after his last flight. The drone also took some black-and-white photos during the flight.

Astronomers Say Super-Earth Planet Will Be More Habitable Than Earth

 

You need to know that astronomers have found many potentially habitable planets that are outside our solar system.

So when talking about whether there are other planets that humans can inhabit, the answer is yes. There is even a possibility that we can find alien life out there .

However, when it comes to whether humans can live and live outside Earth, the answer will be later. Of the many choices of habitable planets, how do you choose the best one to live in?

If you think that a planet most similar to Earth is the best option, according to researchers, there are much bigger and better planets out there.

The Presence of Super-Earth in the Galaxy

This planet is referred to by astronomers as Super-Earth or Super-Earth . Actually, in the Milky Way Galaxy, several Super-Earths have been found.

Even since 2009, the Space Telescope has found at least 4,000 exoplanets out there, about 30% of which are Super-Earths.

In addition, several percent of these Super-Earths orbit within the habitable zone of their parent star. Interesting right?

This habitable zone is known as the Goldilocks zone where the planet's surface has the right temperature for liquid water, neither too hot nor too cold.

It is possible that some of these Super-Earths are not rocky worlds like Earth. It could possibly be made of mostly hydrogen and helium gases similar to Jupiter and Saturn which would not be hospitable to life.

But in reality, astronomers are still gathering details as more and more data comes in. So in the meantime, we need to take a closer look at what life is like on the rocky and habitable Super-Earth.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in Super-Earth

Liquid water is just the beginning, a Super-Earth could be almost twice the diameter of Earth and up to 10 times larger.

According to the researchers it could actually make Super-Earth the perfect home. This is because the more massive planets have a stronger gravitational pull.

Super-Earth Kepler 20b, for example, is almost twice the size of Earth and 10 times more massive. The surface gravity is almost 3 times stronger.

Stronger gravity means the planet can hold more air molecules that make up a thicker atmosphere.

That is, it is great for protection against harmful space radiation. It also means that mountains and hills will be eroded more quickly to create a relatively flatter surface when compared to Earth.

If a flat surface sounds boring to you, scientists think this could actually give rise to dozens of lowlands on the planet.

In turn, Super-Earth could be the perfect place for life to form and thrive.

"Just as the biodiversity in Earth's oceans is richest in shallow waters near coastlines, such 'island worlds' may be very beneficial for life," explains the video in Business Insider .

There is only one problem, leaving this tropical paradise will be very difficult. The takeoff speed of Kepler 20b will be twice that of Earth.

This means the rockets will need more fuel to reach their destination. For example, a mission similar to the Apollo moon landings would require twice the amount of fuel or the rocket could only carry a small amount of payload.

For example, if SpaceX's Falcon Heavy can launch 50,000 kilograms of payload into Earth orbit. Meanwhile, in Super-Earth like Kepler 20b this rocket can only launch 40 kilograms into orbit.

That said, leaving Super-Earth would be a much bigger challenge. However, is the idea of ​​leaving Earth for a new, better planet a solution to human problems?

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Scientists Remind Humans Not to Start Communicating with Aliens | The stakes are Earth Destruction!

Discussions about the existence of aliens and their interstellar friends seem to be never ending. There are still many pros and cons related to the existence of alien beings from outside the earth.

However, a number of leading physicists apparently still have not stopped prying about this alien mystery.

Most recently, there is a theory that if we try to contact aliens, it could potentially end human life on Earth. That's what the physicists think.

Reporting from Detik, Wednesday (16/6/2021), a physicist and science writer named Mark Buchanan , recently wrote in an article about the existence of UFOs and aliens.

In his writing, he also mentioned a report from the Pentagon regarding the Unexplained Aerial Phenomena (UAP) .

This started in April 2020, where the US Department of Defense released a video that was related to STEAM.

The video shows a US Navy aircraft coming into contact with the so-called STEAM.

The object flies at high speed, even considered impossible by human- made machines .

Not a few netizens who watched the video, thought that it was evidence of aliens out there.

Meanwhile, Buchanan and a number of other scientists argue that humans do not need to make contact with aliens despite the evidence that points to their existence.

"We should be grateful that we haven't made contact with alien civilizations. Trying to communicate with aliens, if they exist, may be very dangerous for us," said Buchanan as quoted from Metro.co.uk.

According to Buchanan, the search for the existence of aliens has reached a phase regarding the technology they use.

The risk is very big for humans, for that we need strict regulations both at the national and international levels.

"Without oversight, if one person gains access to such a powerful technology, the future of the entire planet will be in jeopardy," he said.

This is not without reason. Because, said Buchanan, aliens most likely have more advanced and sophisticated technology than humans have.

 He next took the example of when Christopher Columbus came to North America, and the natives found that the technology of the Europeans was far superior.

"The majority of stars in the galaxy are much older than the Sun. If there are other civilizations on some planets, it means there are many civilizations in the galaxy that are millions of years ahead of our own," Bachanan said.

Bachanan also invites to look back at history on Earth.

According to him, history has provided many examples of the possibilities that can occur when civilizations with unequal technologies meet.

He emphasized that civilizations with more advanced technology would generally enslave the civilizations beneath them.

"The possibility of starting to explore as well as colonize galaxies is very large," explains Bachanan.

Wants to be the greatest space power, China launches divine ship containing 3 astronauts

 

China's Shenzhou-12, which means "Divine Ship", will lift off from the Gobi Desert on a Long March rocket in the coming days.

The plane is known to be carrying three men into a module in space for a three-month mission.

The mission will be the first time China has sent humans into space in more than five years.

The ship will be the third of a total of 11 missions that the Chinese space station needs to complete by 2022.

Previously, China's rocket plunged uncontrollably toward Earth after circling around the Earth. The rocket is also part of these 11 missions.

At least four of the 11 missions will involve humans. A total of the four missions will launch 12 Chinese astronauts into space.

This figure is actually more than the 11 astronauts China has sent into space since 2003.

China is known to have ambitions to become the world's largest space power before 2030.

Then last May he became the second country to successfully place a rover, two years after sending the first spacecraft on the other side of the Moon.

Zhang Rongqiao, one of China's National Space Administration officials and chief planner of the Tianwen 1 Mars mission, said China would not be satisfied with just one success.

"Our main future plan for interplanetary exploration is the Jupiter mission. Humanity still lacks comprehensive knowledge of the Jovian system, and has only carried out a few operations there," Zhang was quoted as saying by The Star , Wednesday (16/06/2021).

The gas giant planet, said Zahang, has great opportunities for scientific research as well as other discoveries.

In addition to its scientific value, the expedition to Jupiter will be directed to the development of new discoveries and technologies.

"Such a mission would require us to develop new technologies such as spacecraft, better tracking and control, and improved energy sources," he said.

"In short, this will boost our space exploration capabilities significantly," he stressed.

Zhang did not add detailed information on the planned mission, schedule, and exploration methods.

For information, the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter was Pioneer 10 belonging to the United States, in 1973.

Since then, the planet has been visited by a number of passing probes and orbiters. Most recently , NASA's Juno spacecraft took a rare and recent portrait of Jupiter's largest satellite, Ganymede .

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This is the Shape of NASA's Advanced Toilet for IDR 333 Billion | Practical Stay Suck

The International Space Station (ISS) is one of the most sophisticated laboratories ever built by man.

It is home to the coldest location in the universe, supercomputers, and quantum lasers. In addition, it is also the location of the most sophisticated bathroom ever made.

This bathroom is known as the Universal Waste Management System , a high-tech toilet that was developed over six years and cost more than US$23 million (Rp333 billion) to manufacture .

This state-of-the-art toilet was delivered to the ISS space station in a Northrop Grumman Cygnus cargo capsule in September last year.

Unlike the two previous versions already on board the ISS space station, NASA's new space toilet is designed to work with a variety of future manned spacecraft.

In the near future, this state-of-the-art toilet will also be installed in Orion, the capsule that will take NASA astronauts to the moon in the next few years.

Melissa McKinley, leader of the NASA team working on the Universal Waste Management System , said the toilet could eventually also be used on a lunar spacecraft or on a spacecraft headed to Mars.

But before that happened, NASA sent it to the ISS for a three-year test to make sure everything went according to plan.

This state-of-the-art toilet is a white cylinder that has many of the features of previous NASA space toilet designs.

 This toilet has a funnel to suck out pee, a waste compactor where astronauts defecate, and a seat with protruding lips around a small opening.

One of the biggest differences in NASA's new toilets is that they are compact and fully equipped, whereas the old ISS toilets are hidden behind bulkheads and make repairs difficult.

The toilet also has a system built to treat urine before it is piped into the space station's life support system for recycling into water.

But McKinley said one of the biggest changes was changing the design to better cater to the needs of female crew members.

"It was more complicated for the female crew to urinate and defecate at the same time because of the location of the urinary tract and where they had to position themselves to defecate," says McKinley.

There is a problem with the proximity of the urinary tract and bowel movements in women. So the seat and urinary tract have both been engineered to help the female crew.

The new version will be housed in a cubicle next to the existing toilet on the ISS, but the cabin is not designed to accommodate two side-by-side bathrooms.

So early last year, astronauts on the space station got to work preparing a new laboratory toilet. While erecting a new cubicle, the old room toilet leaked and spilled several liters of water before being repaired.

The toilets on the ISS have failed several times, but McKinley hopes NASA's new, simpler design will help avoid this problem in the future.

Where Does the Waste Go?

Well, have you ever thought about how astronauts on the ISS defecate or defecate ? How do they 'dispose' the waste? Turns out there's a way.

As we know urine is made up of more than 90% water. Because water is heavy it also takes up a lot of space, so it's better to recycle pee.

All astronaut urine collected is also converted back so that it turns into clean, drinkable water. What? Drink? Yes, that's right to drink!

Sometimes even astronaut poop is brought back to Earth for scientists to study, but some bathroom waste, including dirt, of course, is burned.

The waste is sucked up in a garbage bag and placed in an airtight container. Astronauts also put down toilet paper, tissues, and gloves.

Using these gloves helps keep everything clean even in the container too. The containers are then loaded onto cargo ships that carry supplies to the space station.

Then this cargo ship is then launched to Earth and finally burns up in Earth's upper atmosphere.

So, if you've ever seen a shooting star, it's probably not a meteorite burning up in Earth's atmosphere. It could be the burning astronaut shit. Beautiful isn't it?

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370 KM Giant Comet Approaching Earth | Rare Event!

 

Astronomers reported that a giant comet that has the size of a dwarf planet is hurtling toward Earth .

This celestial object is said to have a size between 64-230 miles (100-370 km) and is expected to reach its closest point to Earth in 2031.

This comet made of ice and rock is known as 2014 UN271. Astronomers have identified the object through the findings of the Dark Energy Survey .

It is even more interesting to mention that its approach to Earth is a rare event because it will be the period of its approach to Earth for the first time in 600,000 years.

In addition, astronomers were also surprised by the orbit of this comet that moves through the inner solar system as well as the Oort cloud.

Another unique fact is that this comet orbits a vast and mysterious region in our solar system, and it took about 612,190 years to complete.

Comet 2014 UN271 is currently about 22 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun, of which one AU is about 150 million kilometers or the Earth-Sun average distance.

Astronomers data show that this object covered a distance of seven AU in just one year. This means that this comet will have a distance of 10.9 AU (1.6 billion kilometers) from the Sun in 2031 or almost about the distance of the Planet Saturn-Sun.

So from now until 2031, this celestial object is predicted to develop a comet tail from its icy material on the surface that evaporates due to the heat of the Sun.

Launching from the Daily Mail , Thursday (24/6/2021), experts say comet 2014 UN271 will be as bright as Pluto in the night sky, but most likely only reaches the brightness of Charon, Pluto's satellite.

So in other words, it is impossible for amateur sky watchers in the future to be able to see this comet without a capable telescope.

Citing via Syfy Ware , although starting to make its closest approach to Earth, this comet is no closer than about 1.5 billion kilometers. This means that the Earth is not in a dangerous path when this comet passes.

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